Patents from the Academe: A Methodology Research for the Analysis of University Patents and Preliminary Findings for Turkey

University patenting has been drawing attention of researchers studying university-industry relations, technology transfer mechanisms, changing research motives of the academe and consequences on their scientific performance. This study aims to develop a methodology for comprehensive analysis of university patents as the milestone of commercialization process of scientific knowledge produced by the academe, and evaluates preliminary findings for Turkey. For this purpose, patent applications at the Turkish Patent Institute are analyzed and a relational database is designed for storing university and researcher (academic inventor) characteristics, as well as industrial classification information of patents. In addition, interviews are conducted with academics in inventors list of patent applications to gather qualitative information about research activities and commercialization of patents. Results indicate that university patenting in Turkey is extremely low in number and commercialization is at its early stages. However, the results are based on very limited information, and with the aim developing a methodology, this study is open for further improvement in information gathering, as well as consistency in analyses.University patents, academic patenting, academic inventors, commercialization of patents

On topological structures of fuzzy parametrized soft sets

In this paper, we introduce the topological structure of fuzzy parametrized soft sets and fuzzy parametrized soft mappings. We define the notion of quasi-coincidence for fuzzy parametrized soft sets and investigated basic properties of it. We study the closure, interior, base, continuity and compactness and properties of these concepts in fuzzy parametrized soft topological space

Patents from the Academe: A Methodology Research for the Analysis of University Patents and Preliminary Findings for Turkey

University patenting has been drawing attention of researchers studying universityindustry relations, technology transfer mechanisms, changing research motives of the academe and consequences on their scientific performance. This study aims to develop a methodology for comprehensive analysis of university patents as the milestone of commercialization process of scientific knowledge produced by the academe, and evaluates preliminary findings for Turkey. For this purpose, patent applications at the Turkish Patent Institute are analyzed and a relational database is designed for storing university and researcher (academic inventor) characteristics, as well as industrial classification information of patents. In addition, interviews are conducted with academics in inventors list of patent applications to gather qualitative information about research activities and “commercialization” of patents. Results indicate that university patenting in Turkey is extremely low in number and commercialization is at its early stages. However, the results are based on very limited information, and with the aim developing a methodology, this study is open for further improvement in information gathering, as well as consistency in analyses

The Incidence and Management of Pleural Injuries Occurring during Open Nephrectomy

Objective. To evaluate the incidence, management, and risk factors of pleural injuries occurring during open nephrectomy. Methods. Between June 2004/and June 2008, 165 patients (167 renal units) underwent open simple (n = 37, 22.2%), partial (n = 39, 23.4%) or radical (n = 91, 54.5%) nephrectomy in our institution. Results. Flank, Chevron, and abdominal midline incisions were used in 148(88.6%), 17(10.2%), and in 2(1.2%) surgical procedures, respectively. Ribs were excised in 109(65.3%) procedures (11th rib, 10th-11th ribs, and 11th-12th ribs). Intraoperative pleural injuries were detected in 20(12%) procedures, 16(80%) were treated successfully with simple evacuation technique, and 4 required chest tube insertion. Age, sex, surgery type, incision type, and surgery site were not associated with pleural injury occurrence (P > .05). Rib resection was the only parameter associated with pleural injury occurrence. Conclusion. Pleural injuries occur in 12% of open nephrectomy procedures, and 80% can be repaired successfully. Few of them (2.4%) need chest tube insertion. Performing rib resection is a significant risk factor for pleural injury occurrence during nephrectomies

Retroperitoneal Extragonadal Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumor with Synchronous Orbital Metastasis

A huge retroperitoneal tumor with a right orbital mass was detected and proved to be an extragonadal nonseminomatous germ cell tumor on biopsy. BEP chemotherapy caused some regression in orbital mass however no change in retroperitoneal tumor size as well as serum tumor marker levels occurred. Herein, we present a rarely seen entity of extragonadal retroperitoneal nonseminomatous germ cell tumor with synchronous orbital metastases and discuss its diagnosis and management

Assessment of endothelial function by brachial artery flow mediated dilatation in microvascular disease

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cardiac syndrome X is an important therapeutic and diagnostic challenge to physician. Study of Csx patients may help to understand the pathophysiology of coronary microcirculation and to gain an insight on the management of these group patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We measured the flow mediated dilation of the brachial artery both endothelium dependent and independent vasodilatation by high resolution ultrasound in 30 cardiac syndrome X patients and matched with 30 healthy control subjects.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Significantly decreased flow mediated dilatation was observed in patients when compared to control (9.42 ± 7.20 vs 21.11 ± 9.16 p < 0.01) but no significant difference was observed between groups in response to nitroglycerin (25.39 ± 6.82 vs 28.87 ± 8.69). Receiver operator characteristic analysis showed that value of < 11.11 had sensitivity of 80%, specificity 86.67%, positive predictive value 76.66%, negative predictive value 83.33%. In total, 46% of subjects had endothelial dysfunction and of them, CSX subjects had higher prevalence (76% vs 16% p < 0.01) than control subjects. Higher mean values of body mass index, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure was observed in subjects with FMD < 11.11 than > 11.11(p < 0.01). In logistic regression analysis, FMD was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (Odds ratio 1.122 95% CI 1.053-1.196 p < 0.01) and body mass index (Odds 1.248 95%CI 0.995-1.56 p < 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The study suggests impairment of endothelial function in cardiac syndrome X patients. Increased Systolic blood pressure and body mass index may increase the risk of impairment of endothelial function in this group of patients.</p

The genetic history of the Southern Arc: a bridge between West Asia and Europe

By sequencing 727 ancient individuals from the Southern Arc (Anatolia and its neighbors in Southeastern Europe and West Asia) over 10,000 years, we contextualize its Chalcolithic period and Bronze Age (about 5000 to 1000 BCE), when extensive gene flow entangled it with the Eurasian steppe. Two streams of migration transmitted Caucasus and Anatolian/Levantine ancestry northward, and the Yamnaya pastoralists, formed on the steppe, then spread southward into the Balkans and across the Caucasus into Armenia, where they left numerous patrilineal descendants. Anatolia was transformed by intra–West Asian gene flow, with negligible impact of the later Yamnaya migrations. This contrasts with all other regions where Indo-European languages were spoken, suggesting that the homeland of the Indo-Anatolian language family was in West Asia, with only secondary dispersals of non-Anatolian Indo-Europeans from the steppe